The installation of a photovoltaic system is preceded by the preparation of project documentation. The design of the installation should include the following information:

• investor data,
• installation capacity,
• amount of energy produced per month,
• number and method of combining the PV modules,
• way of arranging the PV modules,
• technical data of used equipment and instrumentation of the installation.

Depending on the location of the PV installation, we select appropriate mounting systems. The individual steps of the installation are similar regardless of its type. In each case, it is important to remember that all panel frames must be grounded. Grounding is done by connecting all modules through grounding bridges, which should then be grounded to the grounding rod. The resistance of the grounding rod should be less than 10 \( \Omega \).

When installing a photovoltaic system on a flat or sloping roof, it is important to keep a certain margin from the edge of the roof. In the edge areas of the roof, the photovoltaic system is exposed to the wind; therefore, a margin in which the modules should not be installed is calculated based on the dimensions of the buildings.
For the longer roof edge this margin is:

where:
a – the width of the area from the edge of the roof excluded from the installation of photovoltaic modules,
x – width of the building measured along the building wall parallel to the edge a,
y – height of the building measured from the ground to the highest point of the roof.

In designing the distribution of modules, the spacing between panels on the clamps and the separation distances between rows, which are at least 2 cm, should be taken into account for all types of installations.
The following subsections will present the stages of making photovoltaic installations depending on where they are located.